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Clinical Studies
Abstracts are presented below for clinical
studies on Celastrus.
Plant Phytonutrient Profile
1: Fitoterapia. 2007 Feb;78(2):120/4. Epub 2006
Nov 14.
Evaluation of anxiolytic potential of Celastrus oil in rat models of behaviour.
Rajkumar R, Kumar EP, Sudha S, Suresh B.
J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Ooty, India.
The Celastrus oil, extracted from seeds of Celastrus paniculatus tested at 2
dose levels (1 and 1.5 g/kg), exhibited significant anxiolytic activity and did
not produce tolerance. The non/sedative nature and reversal of buspirone induced
behaviour (in open field exploration) point to the serotonergic mechanism
underlying the anxiolysis, inspiring further research.
PMID: 17169502 [PubMed / in process]
2: Phytomedicine. 2006 Jan;13(1/2):29/36. Epub 2005 Jun 28.
Celastrus paniculatus seed oil and organic extracts attenuate hydrogen peroxide/
and glutamate/induced injury in embryonic rat forebrain neuronal cells.
Godkar PB, Gordon RK, Ravindran A, Doctor BP.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed
Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD
20910/7500, USA.
Seed oil of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (CP) has been reported to improve
memory and the methanolic extract (ME) of CP was shown to exhibit
free/radical/scavenging properties and anti/oxidant effects in human
non/immortalized fibroblasts. In the present study, we have investigated the
free/radical/scavenging capacity of CP seed oil (CPO) and two extracts, an
ethanolic extract (EE) and a ME. CPO and EE showed dose/dependent,
free/radical/scavenging capacity, but to a lesser degree than observed for ME.
Oxidative stress involves the generation of free radicals and free radical
scavenging is one of the mechanisms of neuroprotection. We therefore
investigated the effects of CPO, ME, and EE for protection against hydrogen
peroxide (H(2)O(2))/ and glutamate/induced neurotoxicity in embryonic rat
forebrain neuronal cells (FBNC). Pre/treatment of neuronal cells with CPO
dose/dependently attenuated H(2)O(2)/induced neuronal death. Pre/treatment with
ME and EE partially attenuated H(2)O(2)/induced toxicity, but these extracts
were less effective than CPO for neuronal survival. In H(2)O(2)/treated cells,
cellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was unaffected, but catalase
activity was decreased and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased.
Pre/treatment with CPO, ME, or EE increased catalase activity and decreased MDA
levels significantly. Also, CPO pre/treatment attenuated glutamate/induced
neuronal death dose/dependently. The activity of cellular acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) was not affected by CPO, ME, or EE, suggesting that the neuroprotection
offered by CPO was independent of changes in AChE activity. Taken together, the
data suggest that CPO, ME, and EE protected neuronal cells against
H(2)O(2)/induced toxicity in part by virtue of their antioxidant properties, and
their ability to induce antioxidant enzymes. However, CPO, which exhibited the
least antioxidant properties, was the most effective in preventing neuronal
cells against H(2)O(2)/ and glutamate/induced toxicities. Thus, in addition to
free/radical scavenging attributes, the mechanism of CP seed component (CP/C)
neuroprotection must be elucidated.
Publication Types:
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non/P.H.S.
PMID: 16360930 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
3: Planta Med. 2004 Jul;70(7):652/6.
New sesquiterpenes with intestinal relaxant effect from Celastrus paniculatus.
Borrelli F, Borbone N, Capasso R, Montesano D, Izzo AA, De Marino S, Capasso F,
Ferrara L, Longo R, Zollo F.
Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Universita degli Studi di Napoli
Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy. franborr@unina.it
The seed oil obtained from Celastrus paniculatus has been used in Ayurvedic
medicine for the treatment of several complaints including intestinal disorders.
The muscle relaxing activity of C. paniculatus has been studied in vitro on
isolated preparations of rat intestine. C. paniculatus seeds extract (0.001 /
100 microg/mL) produced a concentration/related relaxation of the rat ileum [IC
(50) (95 % c. l.) 0.24 (0.13 / 0.45) microg/mL]. Among the four fractions (
n/hexane, CCl (4), CHCl (3), n/BuOH) obtained from the methanolic extract of C.
paniculatus, only the carbon tetrachloride fraction (0.01 / 10 000 ng/mL)
induced a significant relaxation of the intestinal muscle [IC (50) (95 % c. l.):
1.9 (1.38 / 2.87) ng/mL]. Three new sesquiterpene polyol esters have been
isolated from the carbon tetrachloride fraction. These new metabolites,
characterised as
1alpha,8beta,14/triacetoxy/9beta/furoyloxydihydro/beta/agarofuran ( 1), 1alpha,
6beta,8beta,14/tetraacetoxy/9beta/benzoyloxydihydro/beta/agarofuran ( 2) and
1alpha,8beta/diacetoxy/9beta/benzoyloxydihydro/beta/agarofuran ( 3), at the
concentration of 1 microg/mL produced a relaxant effect of 30.6 +// 12.2 %, 26.9
+// 4.7 % and 7.27 +// 1.7 %, respectively.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 15254858 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
4: J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Aug;93(2/3):213/9.
Celastrus paniculatus seed water soluble extracts protect against glutamate
toxicity in neuronal cultures from rat forebrain.
Godkar PB, Gordon RK, Ravindran A, Doctor BP.
Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Walter Reed
Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD
20910/7500, USA. Richard.Gordon@na.amedd.army.mil
Aqueous extracts of Celastrus paniculatus (CP) seed have been reported to
improve learning and memory in rats. In addition, these extracts were shown to
have antioxidant properties, augmented endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and
decreased lipid peroxidation in rat brain. However, water soluble extracts of CP
seed (CP/WSE) have not been evaluated for their neuroprotective effects. In the
study reported here, we used enriched forebrain primary neuronal cell (FBNC)
cultures to study the neuroprotective effects of three CP/WSE extracts (a room
temperature, WF; a hot water, HF; and an acid, AF) on glutamate/induced
toxicity. FBNC were pre/treated with the CP/WSE and then with glutamate to
evaluate the protection afforded against excitatory amino acid/induced toxicity.
The criteria for neuroprotection were based on the effects of CP/WSE on a
mitochondrial function test following glutamate/induced neurotoxicity.
Pre/treatment of neuronal cells with CP/WSE significantly attenuated
glutamate/induced neuronal death. To understand the molecular mechanism of
action of CP/WSE, we conducted electrophysiological studies using patch/clamp
techniques on N/methyl/D/aspartate (NMDA)/activated whole/cell currents in FBNC.
WSE significantly and reversibly inhibited whole/cell currents activated by
NMDA. The results suggest that CP/WSE protected neuronal cells against
glutamate/induced toxicity by modulating glutamate receptor function.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non/P.H.S.
PMID: 15234755 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
5: Fitoterapia. 2003 Dec;74(7/8):658/69.
Celastrus paniculatus seed water soluble extracts protect cultured rat forebrain
neuronal cells from hydrogen peroxide/induced oxidative injury.
Godkar P, Gordon RK, Ravindran A, Doctor BP.
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed
Army Institute of Research, 503, Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD
20910/7500, USA.
The effects of aqueous extracts of Celastrus paniculatus (CP) seeds were shown
to have antioxidant properties in rats. In the study reported here, we have
investigated the free radical scavenging capacity of three aqueous extracts
(WSEs) obtained from CP seeds: a room temperature extract (WF); a hot water
extract (HF); an acid extract (AF). All the WSEs exhibited a dose/dependent free
radical scavenging capacity for 1,1/diphenyl/2/picryl/hydrazyl radical (DPPH)
and also for superoxide/generated assays (in vitro assays). In addition, we used
enriched forebrain primary neuronal cell (FBNC) cultures to evaluate the
neuroprotective effects of the three CP/WSE extracts on H(2)O(2)/induced
toxicity. FBNC were pre/treated with the CP/WSE and then with H(2)O(2) to
evaluate the protection afforded against H(2)O(2)/induced toxicity. The criteria
for neuroprotection by the WSEs were based on a mitochondrial function test
following the H(2)O(2)/induced neurotoxicity. All the WSEs significantly
attenuated H(2)O(2)/induced neuronal death, and AF was the most effective in
protecting the neuronal cells against oxidative injury caused by H(2)O(2). In 10
day FBNC, cellular superoxide dismutase activity was not affected by the WSEs or
H(2)O(2), but catalase activity was decreased and levels of malondialdehyde were
increased by H(2)O(2) treatment. When the neuronal cells were treated with WSEs
prior to H(2)O(2) exposure, catalase activity was increased and levels of
malondialdehyde were decreased significantly. The data presented here suggest
that CP seed WSEs protected neuronal cells in part by their free radical
scavenging properties, by reducing lipid peroxidation, and also by their ability
to induce the antioxidant enzyme catalase. Our results indicate that WSEs might
exert neuroprotective effects against increased oxidative stress resulting from
free radical damage that is associated with a number of neurodegenerative
diseases.
Publication Types:
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non/P.H.S.
PMID: 14630170 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
6: Phytother Res. 2003 Nov;17(9):1123/5.
Screening South Indian medicinal plants for antifungal activity against
cutaneous pathogens.
Vonshak A, Barazani O, Sathiyamoorthy P, Shalev R, Vardy D, Golan/Goldhirsh A.
Ben/Gurion University of the Negev, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert
Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Desert Plant
Biotechnology Laboratory, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel.
In this study, twenty/eight South Indian medicinal plants were screened for
their anti/fungal activity against six species of fungi (Trichophyton
mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. soudanense, Candida albicans, Torulopsis glabrata,
and C. krusei). Three plant species extracts, Celastrus paniculatus, Eriodendron
anfractuosum and Ficus glomerata showed inhibitory activity. An aqueous extract
of galls of Terminalia chebula showed inhibitory effects on three dermatophytes
(Trichophyton spp.) and three yeasts (Candida spp.). Seeds extract of T. chebula
inhibited only the growth of T. glabrata. An aqueous extract of T. chebula
showed inhibitory effects higher than those measured in ethanol extracts. It is
therefore suggested that tannins are plausible candidates for the
anti/dermatophytic effects of T. chebula. Chebulinic acid, a known tannin of T.
chebula was tested and found not inhibitory, thus a search for the active
compound is needed. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 14595602 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
7: Phytomedicine. 2002 May;9(4):302/11.
Antioxidant property of Celastrus paniculatus willd.: a possible mechanism in
enhancing cognition.
Kumar MH, Gupta YK.
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari
Nagar, New Delhi.
In the present study aqueous, methanolic, chloroform and petroleum ether
extracts of seeds of Celastrus paniculatus were investigated for their effect on
cognitive functions in rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 200/250 g each were used
to study effect on learning and memory through use of the shuttle/box,
step/through, step/down and elevated plus maze paradigms. Only the aqueous seed
extract (200 mg/kg body wt. for 14 days) showed an improvement in learning and
memory in both the shuttle/box and step/through paradigms. Therefore, further
experiments were conducted using the aqueous extract at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg
body wt. doses in different paradigms of cognition. All three doses of the
aqueous extract increased the number of avoidances in the shuttle/box and
step/through latency the in step/through apparatus, but no significant
difference was observed between the doses tested. In the step/down apparatus,
the 200/ and 300/mg/kg body wt. doses of aqueous extract showed a significant
increase in step/down latency, whereas no significant difference was observed in
the elevated/plus/maze paradigm between drug/treated and vehicle/treated groups.
Since the behavioral impairments are associated with oxidative stress, we
investigated the effect of the aqueous extract on oxidative stress parameters.
Among the three doses tested, only 200 and 300 mg/kg body wt. stimulated a
significant decrease in the brain levels of malondialdehyde, with simultaneous
significant increases in levels of glutathione and catalase. The present
findings indicate that the aqueous extract of Celastrus paniculatus seed has
cognitive/enhancing properties and an antioxidant effect might be involved.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 12120811 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
8: Indian J Exp Biol. 2001 Jul;39(7):697/704.
Rapid in vitro multiplication and restoration of Celastrus paniculatus Willd.
sub sp. paniculatus (Celastraceae), a medicinal woody climber.
Nair LG, Seeni S.
Plant Biotechnology Division, Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute,
Pacha/Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
Nodes, shoot tips, internodes and leaf bases (approximately 1.0 cm) excised from
young vines of the flowering woody climber, Celastrus paniculatus WilId. sub.
sp. paniculatus (Celastraceae) were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
containing agar (0.6%), sucrose (3%) and varied concentrations of 6/benzyl
aminopurine (BAP) and kinetin. All the explant types were regenerative and
maximum number (3.6) and frequency (94%) of axillary shoot formation of (5.08 cm
long) was recorded in the nodes cultured in BAP (1 mg L(/1)) after 6 weeks.
Combinations of BAP (1 mg L(/1)) and indole/3/acetic acid/l/naphthalene acetic
acid (0.01/1 mg L(/1); IAA/NAA) tested with nodes induced formation of less
number (3 and 2.2) of shoots at same frequency (94%). All the explant types viz.
node, shoot tip, internode and leaf base of in vitro derived shoots responded
earlier and better in lower concentrations of BAP (0.5/2 mg L(/1)) with
formation of 8, 3.1, 6.4 and 1.8 shoots respectively during the same period. In
spite of the advanced and increased caulogenic responses, differences in
cytokinin requirements between different explants observed during culture
initiation still persisted with the nodes, shoot tips, internodes and petiole
segments responding best at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg L(/1) BAP, respectively. The
repeated reculture up to 10 cycles of the nodes from the shoot cultures each at
6/week intervals enabled multiplication and stocking of shoots without decline.
Rooting of 3/7 cm shoot cuttings was induced in half/strength MS liquid medium
containing IAA (1 mg L(/1)) with formation of 7.25 roots of 2.41 cm length
within 6 weeks. Rooted plants were established at 84/96% rate in community pots
without hardening, the least value (84%) being obtained with NAA/ induced thick
and calloid rooted plants. Four month old community potted plants were
reintroduced into native forest habitats at 95% efficiency and 8 months after
restoration, the plants were uniform in morphological, growth, cytological and
peroxidase and esterase isozyme characteristics.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 12019765 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
9: Lett Appl Microbiol. 2002;34(5):317/22.
Improved polygalacturonase production from Bacillus sp. MG/cp/2 under submerged
(SmF) and solid state (SSF) fermentation.
Kapoor M, Kuhad RC.
Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India.
AIMS: To investigate the effect of amino acids, vitamins and surfactants on
polygalacturonase production from Bacillus sp. MG/cp/2 under submerged (SmF) and
solid state fermentation (SSF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Bacillus sp. MG/cp/2 was
isolated from the outer covering of the seeds of Celastrus paniculatus. Out of
the various surfactants, amino acids and vitamins, Tween/60, DL/serine and folic
acid maximally enhanced polygalacturonase production by 2.7/fold (240.0 U x
ml(/1)), 4.0/fold (360.0 U x ml(/1)) and 3.8/fold (342.0 U x ml(/1))
respectively, under submerged fermentation (SmF). In solid state fermentation
(SSF), Tween/80, pyridoxine and DL/ornithine monohydrochloride induced highest
enzyme production up to 1.73/fold (6956.5 U x g(/1)), 5.3/fold (21224.4 U x
g(/1)) and 5.74/fold (23076.9 U x g(/1)), respectively. CONCLUSION: Amino acids
and their analogues, vitamins and surfactants effect significantly
polygalacturonase production by Bacillus sp. MG/cp/2 when grown under submerged
(SmF) and solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF
THE STUDY: The study provides useful information about regulation of
polygalacturonase biosynthesis in Bacillus sp. MG/cp/2, which appears to be an
interplay of nutritional and physical factors. Alkaline polygalacturonase from
Bacillus sp. MG/cp/2 will be extremely useful in the treatment of alkaline
pectic waste waters from vegetable and fruit processing industries and in
degumming of bast fibres.
Publication Types:
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 11967052 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
10: Phytomedicine. 2001 Mar;8(2):125/32.
Indian medicinal plants as antiradicals and DNA cleavage protectors.
Russo A, Izzo AA, Cardile V, Borrelli F, Vanella A.
Department of Biochemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Catania, Italy. alrusso@mbox.unict.it
Celastrus paniculatus L. (Celastraceae) (CP), Picrorhiza kurroa L.
(Scrophulariaceae) (PK) and Withania somnifera L. (Solanaceae) (WS) are Indian
medicinal plants having a remarkable reputation, as a factor of health care,
among the indigenous medical practitioners. The plants exhibit varying degrees
of therapeutic value some of which useful in the treatment of cognitive
dysfunction, epilepsy, insomnia, rheumatism, gout, dyspepsia. In this work, we
have investigated the free radical scavenging capacity of methanolic extracts
from CP, PK, WS and the effect on DNA cleavage induced by H2O2 UV/photholysis.
In addition, we investigated whether these plant extracts are capable of
reducing the hydrogen peroxide/induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in human
non/immortalized fibroblasts. These extracts showed a dose/dependent free
radical scavenging capacity and a protective effect on DNA cleavage; methanolic
extracts from PK was more active than extracts from CP and WS. These results
were confirmed by a significant protective effect on H2O2/induced cytoxicity and
DNA damage in human non/immortalized fibroblasts. These antioxidant effects of
active principle of CP, PK and WS may explain, at least in part, the reported
anti/stress, immunomodulatory, cognition/facilitating, anti/inflammatory and
antiaging effects produced by them in experimental animal and in clinical
situations and may justify the further investigation of their other beneficial
biological properties.
PMID: 11315755 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
11: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1997 Aug;57(4):793/9.
Reversal of scopolamine/induced deficits in navigational memory performance by
the seed oil of Celastrus paniculatus.
Gattu M, Boss KL, Terry AV Jr, Buccafusco JJ.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta
30912, USA.
Celastrus paniculatus (CP), a medicinal plant from India has been reputed to be
useful as a pharmaceutical aid for learning and memory. We investigated the
effects of the seed oil of CP on the 6 day performance of young adult rats in a
navigational memory task/the Morris water maze. Chronic oral (gavage) daily
treatment with CP. (50, 200, or 400 mg/kg) for 14 days completely reversed the
scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg)/induced task performance deficit. On the other hand,
acute treatment (single injection prior to scopolamine treatment) with CP (200
mg/kg) did not significantly reverse the scopolamine/induced impairment in maze
performance. Alone, CP produced a slight, but significant improvement in maze
performance on the first day of testing. Acute treatment or chronic 14 day
treatment with CP resulted in no significant alteration in normal locomotor
activity in an open field. Moreover, CP did not alter the scopolamine/induced
increases in locomotor activity. Chronic treatment with CP did not alter brain
acetylcholinesterase levels and no signs of cholinergic overstimulation were
ever noted during or after treatment. Thus, the seed oil of CP, when
administered chronically, selectively reversed the impairment in spatial memory
produced by acute central muscarinic receptor blockade, supporting the
possibility that one or more constituents of the oil may offer cognitive
enhancing properties. The neural mechanism underlying the reversal of
scopolamine's mnemonic effects by CP is not yet known, but it is not related to
an anticholinesterase/like action.
Publication Types:
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non/P.H.S.
PMID: 9259008 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
12: J Ethnopharmacol. 1995 Jul 7;47(2):101/8.
Effects of Celastrus paniculatus on passive avoidance performance and biogenic
amine turnover in albino rats.
Nalini K, Karanth KS, Rao A, Aroor AR.
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Kasturba Medical College,
Karnataka, India.
The effects of an indigenous drug, Celastrus oil, extracted from the seeds of
Celastrus paniculatus on learning and memory in a two compartment passive
avoidance task was studied in albino rats. The effects on the contents of
norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5/HT) in the brain and on the
levels of their metabolites both in the brain and urine were also assessed.
Significant improvement was observed in the retention ability of the drug
treated rats compared with the saline administered controls. The contents of NE,
DA and 5/HT and their metabolites in the brain were significantly decreased in
the drug treated group. The urinary metabolite levels were also significantly
decreased except for total 3/methoxy/4/hydroxyphenyl glycol. These data indicate
that Celastrus oil causes an overall decrease in the turnover of all the three
central monoamines and implicate the involvement of these aminergic systems in
the learning and memory process.
Publication Types:
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 7500635 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
13: J Ethnopharmacol. 1994 May;42(3):193/8.
Preliminary screening of methanolic extracts of Celastrus paniculatus and
Tecomella undulata for analgesic and anti/inflammatory activities.
Ahmad F, Khan RA, Rasheed S.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi,
Pakistan.
Flowers of Celastrus paniculatus and whole plant of Tecomella undulata were
extracted individually in absolute methanol. Using the hot water tail immersion
test in mice and carrageenan induced pedal edema in rats, both extracts were
tested for their oral analgesic and anti/inflammatory potentials. Results showed
that C. paniculatus had both analgesic and anti/inflammatory activities, while
T. undulata had only analgesic potential when compared with aspirin.
PMID: 7934089 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
14: J Ethnopharmacol. 1990 Mar;28(3):293/303.
Antispermatogenic action of Celastrus paniculatus seed extract in the rat with
reversible changes in the liver.
Bidwai PP, Wangoo D, Bhullar N.
Department of Biophysics, Pan Jab University, Chandigarh, India.
Biochemical, histochemical and histological studies of the effects of an oily
extractive from the seeds of Celastrus paniculatus were done on the testes and
liver of adult rats. The testis of treated animals showed vacuolization, germ
cell depletion and arrest of spermatogenesis. The livers revealed focal necrosis
in animals receiving 0.2 ml i.p. every other day for 30 days, but 45 days post
treatment these lesions were absent. Intermediate repair and regenerative
changes were apparent 30 days post treatment. These results indicate that
Celastrus paniculatus oil may have useful antifertility effects and that the
degenerative changes seen in the liver are reversible with time.
PMID: 2335957 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
15: J Ethnopharmacol. 1987 Dec;21(3):307/14.
Effect of Celastrus paniculatus seed extract on the brain of albino rats.
Bidwai PP, Wangoo D, Bhullar NK.
Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
PMID: 3441139 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
16: Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1963 Jul 1;144:34/50.
BEHAVIOURAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF A TRANQUILISING FRACTION FROM THE OIL
OF CELASTRUS PANICULATUS (MALKANGUNI OIL).
SHETH UK, VAZ A, DELIWALA CV, BELLARE RA.
PMID: 14043652 [PubMed / OLDMEDLINE]
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